Sometimes, the change of gauge of a locomotive required a bunch of work. Separate the frame from the boiler. Disassemble the frame, etc. Rebuild the frame with longer (or shorter) cross members, change the axles and remount the wheels, and change the cylinder spacing on the cylinder block.
For cars it might be as simple as changing the trucks. If another set of trucks is not available, the existing trucks can often be modified. If going down in gauge maybe new axles with the wheels pressed in will do. If widening the gauge the trucks probably will need to be disassembled and rebuilt with longer axles and cross members.
Brian Norden