As a general rule "passenger" wheel sets have an additional one inch between the centerline of the bearing surface and the wheel set to provide the addition clearance for the lateral stops for the journal box floating in the pedistal. This holds true on every drop equalizer passenger truck I have worked with, all the way up to 6-1/2"x12" OSH trucks from a UP dome.
Axles are a consumable item. As we go forward as an industry the route of new axles will become required because everything has a service life and the steel won't tell you a thing before it breaks. Iowa Pacific found that out when their car on the City of New Orleans broke an axle that had been requalified before entering service.