Axle loading is only part of the story with bridge design. The reciprocating mass of a steam engine is a significant concern when looking at bridge ratings. The lack of reciprocating mass on todays railroad equipment is one of the main reasons that bridges built at or before the turn of the last century are still capable of handling today's railroad traffic despite a doubling (or more) of axle loads.
As an aside, modern locomotives still have a lower axle load than most of the freight cars they handle. (33 tons versus 36 tons)