Cameron,
start with a Google search on "open flash photography."
Both Kalmbach and Andover Junction have published softcover books on railroad photography over the years, with chapters on night photography.
You can get flash guns and bulbs at flashbulbs.com. Meggaflash bought the Sylvania production equipment from EG&G about 12 years ago.
The "standard" bulb for railroad photography is/was the Sylvania no. 2, which Meggaflash calls the PF200. You can use smaller bulbs, but you must be closer to the subject, or use more of them.
Some photographers use the Lumedyne strobe system. While it's less expensive in the long run, you can certainly tell a difference between strobes and bulbs in the resulting photos.
Finally, good digital SLRs are revolutionizing night work - I've seen some available-light stuff that really wows me.
JAC