A needle scaler is a pnuematic driven tool about 18 inches long and can be held in one hand, it drives about 30 hardened needles about 12 inches long and about 1/8 thick, it basically drives all these needles into the surface to hammer the scale off the Boiler surface, it works great, but will usually make your hand go numb if you don't wear shock absorbing gloves. I did alot of this on 487's boiler and basically worked the front end of the boiler all around and along the Dry Pipe and thru the boiler internal supports.. It was so cool to run this tool and after all these years, I was able to see all these numbers stamped on the boiler surface re-appear..