The insides of a Cass diamond is amazingly simple. The lower part is a pipe-within-a-pipe, with the inner pipe extending up into the flared part of the diamond.
On top of the inner stack is a cast iron deflector cone. The exhaust shoots against the deflector cone and is directed sideways into the steel ring around the inside diameter of the diamond. The exhaust simply bounces off the ring, rattles around in the stack and heads out the top.
On top of the stack is a screen. The mesh on of the screen is rather fine, much finer than the stack screens used on the narrow gauge in CO. One of the reasons the outer diameter is so large is to give enough open surface area in the screen mesh to allow the gases to escape without choking the draft too much.
Here is a brand spanking new screen we just made for Shay #5.