Land grants in New Mexico were originally made to certain individuals by the King of Spain. After the conclusion of the Mexican war the Grants were honored by the US Senate when they ratified the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo in 1848. As a condition of granting statehood, the Territory of New Mexico agreed to maintain the status of the land grants. Under current State law the land grants are "unique political entities" with a status somewhere between municipalities and the Native American nations [Navajo, Apache, but not any of the Pueblo's]. The land grants have suffered, in part because of government, and in part because there have been few opportunities for the heirs to the grants to live, work and prosper on the grants.
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