Please forgive my ignorance on the topic.
From what I can gather, ballast serves several functions. It allows for drainage, supports the track structure and holds the track structure relatively stationary (or at least it should).
Evidently, crushed rock, if available and affordable, makes the best ballast.
Railroads have used:
scoria
gravel
dirt
cinders
other?
What makes crushed rock superior to the other forms of ballast?
Other than available at the location and cost, what led to the selection of the type of ballast used?