Here is a drawing of the Rushton stack that Bob Bergstrom sent me long ago. I think I may have an unscanned diagram of one of the other popular designs. Here is the general gist as it occurs to me. The stacks prevent a straight up and out blast like a straight stack, but rather force the exhaust to detour sideways before going up in hopes of breaking up cinders. There are usually some sort of vanes that the exhaust has to pass by to cause it to swirl around the large perimeter on it's way up and out to further reduce the cinders out the top, by centrifugal force. Once thrown by centrifugal force to the outside largest diameter of the inside of the stack, they being heavier and out of the main upward blast can drop down to the clean out ports which are usually on each side of the stack. I can show you up at McEwen on our #3 where these clean outs are as that large diamond stack works pretty much the same way.