Axles should not be welded on. Someone may have welded to build up the diameter for the press fit of the wheel center onto the axle. The problem with welding is that it sets up stresses in the axle that may result in fracture. Pre and post heating are commonly used to relieve welding stresses but I am not aware of it being "legal" on axles. Stresses may also be concentrated by right angle cuts at the ends of the journals or wheel seats. Gouges, torch nicks, or impact damage can also be stress concentrators.