There's a need to be able to have a standardized way to label one end of a railroad car over another. You can't say "fix coupler on right end", or "west end", or "end with broken ladder". Since most types of cars have one brake wheel, that had typically become the "B end". Because the way mechanical brakes work, that is also the end the brake piston exits the cylinder.
Some cabooses have two brake wheels, the 2nd one (or A-End), uses a more complex mechanical linkage to reverse the action when that brake wheel is applied.
During the early days of the 0579 restoration, we didn't have any brake wheels or cylinder; but since it was sitting on blocks, one end was informally called the "west end", etc.
Below is sorta what we had to go by when we built the brakes from scratch. It was fun learning how it all worked; it was even more fun that it pretty much worked without much head scratching (Thanks Phil!)