Coal shoveling

The thread about drop gondolas and hand shoveling of coal out of high side gondolas got me to wondering how long did it take a worker to shovel out coal for instance from a high side gondola. Googling I came across a study that Frederick Winslow Taylor conducted in the late 1800’s. I am wondering if this was a 12 hour day as 60 tons seems like a lot of coal to move with a shovel...
D&RGW high side gondola (1500-1899 series) contained 890 cubic feet (level) & 1,021 cubic feet (heaped)
Bituminous Coal = 52 Lbs./ Cubic Foot (Anthracite = 69 Lbs./ Cubic Foot)
60 tons of bitminous coal per day = 2.6 loaded high side gondolas!
Ergonomics is not new. In the late 1800s Frederick Winslow Taylor conducted a landmark study on improving productivity in the steel industry. Using Bethlehem Steel as his laboratory, Taylor tested two of the company’s best coal shovelers to determine how much material they were able to move. With stopwatches and notebooks, Taylor measured the weight of each scoop, how many loads were moved and how long it took to do it. He determined the men moved about 20 tons of coal per day with scoops that weighed 38 pounds each.
Then Taylor adjusted the shovels to hold only about 34 pounds. A surprising thing happened. Each workers productivity went up from 20 tons per day to 30 tons. Taylor again cut the shovels, reducing the scoop load to 30 pounds. Once again, the men were able to actually shovel more coal than before. By reducing the shovel load and tracking the results, Taylor and his men were able to average shoveling 60 tons of coal per day with a 21.5-pound shovel scoop.
This pioneer of ergonomics later testified before Congress:
"When we went to the Bethlehem Steel Co. we found from 400 to 600 men at work in that yard, and when we got through 140 men were doing the work of the 400 to 600, and these men handled several million tons of material a year; the cost of handling a ton was brought down from between 7 and 8 cents to between 3 and 4 cents and the actual saving (to the company) was at the rate of $78,000 a year."
As a footnote to Taylor’s studies of productivity, union’s fought to ban the use of stop watches in timing workers with government regulations that in some areas were not repealed until the 1940’s....